Things to write a paper on
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
How Can Health Care Professionals Effectively Deal Sociologically With Essay
By what method Can Health Care Professionals Effectively Deal Sociologically With Issues Of Domestic Violence In Pregnancy - Essay Example This exposition focuses on that shockingly, and as opposed to past exploration on ladies dwelling in aggressive behavior at home havens, passionate help was not a noteworthy indicator of emotional wellness when seriousness of savagery was controlled. Reasonable guide, in any case, anticipated both uneasiness and confidence. This finding is predictable with the main safe house study that looked at enthusiastic and down to earth underpins. This paper makes an end that there are a few significant intercession suggestions from this examination. Initially, basic help assumes a key job in the psychological wellness of ladies who have fierce accomplices. Along these lines, support for ladies in fierce connections must maintain a strategic distance from analysis of their lives and choices. Obviously, the capacity to discuss the maltreatment in an empathic, non-basic condition is a significant key to positive emotional well-being for these ladies. Since homophily was identified with analysis in this examination, it might be that advocates, as opposed to homophilous peer bolster gatherings, give the best mediations. Furthermore, reasonable guide, instead of enthusiastic help, was identified with positive psychological wellness. In this manner, solid help with every day life bothers and difficulties ought to be a high need for offices serving battered ladies. At last, the positive connection between nonhomophilous supporters an d psychological well-being recommends that organizations may help battered ladies in finding new wellsprings of help so as to build up an informal community made out of more ladies who have not been battered
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Cyber Threats Essay Example for Free
Digital Threats Essay Before we get into the major digital fear based oppression dangers that we as a whole need to manage I needed to initially characterize what digital psychological warfare is. As per the U. S. Government Bureau of Investigation, digital fear based oppression is any planned, politically persuaded assault against data, PC frameworks, PC projects, and information which brings about savagery against non-soldier focuses by sub-national gatherings or surreptitious specialists Unlike an irritating infection or PC assault that outcomes trying to claim ignorance of administration, a digital psychological oppressor assault could prompt physical viciousness or extraordinary monetary damage. As per the U. S. Commission of Critical Infrastructure Protection, conceivable digital psychological warfare targets incorporate the financial business, army bases, power plants, aviation authority focuses, and water frameworks. Digital fear based oppression is regularly alluded to as electronic psychological oppression or data war. In view of late reports and the data introduced to congress, America has far to go before security dangers are enough tended to. Practically 50% of 2,131 U. S. ompanies surveyed had no conventional security strategies set up, and most depended essentially on client passwords and various logons for insurance. Just 49% of U. S. organizations had plans to raise client attention to strategies and methods in the following year. Unfathomably just 50% of 150 organizations reviewed by InformationWeek Research multi week after the fear monger assaults said that they intend to reconsider the security of their offices considering those occasions. We need more indivi duals to accomplish progressively imaginative considering PC security, than the individuals who are attempting to assault us. In December, 2000 the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (otherwise known as The Gilmore Commission) discharged their subsequent yearly report which expressed two potential digital psychological militant situations. To start with, It is anything but difficult to imagine an organized assault by psychological militants, utilizing an ordinary or little scope concoction gadget, with digital assaults against law implementation interchanges, crisis clinical offices, and different frameworks basic to a reaction. Second, it is possible that psychological oppressors could mount a digital assault gainst force or water offices or modern plants for instance, a business concoction plant that delivers a profoundly poisonous substance to create setbacks in the many thousands. The report includes that the most probable culprits of digital assaults on basic frameworks are fear based oppressors and criminal gatherings as opposed to country states. Denning, 2003 So, what should be possible proactively to forestall digital psychological oppression and digital wrongdoing assaults? The first and simplest thing for you to do is solidify and secure your frameworks by building up secure arrangements. Next you can get ready for interruptions by preparing for identification and reaction. You likewise need to ensure you distinguish interruptions immediately when they do happen. You likewise need to react to interruptions rapidly to guarantee you limit the harm to your frameworks. Ultimately you have to improve your security to help ensure against future assaults. There are a large number of approaches to help ensure against digital psychological oppression dangers yet I think coming up next are the least complex and best approaches to begin, Make sure all records have passwords and the passwords ought to be irregular, hard to figure. Make certain to change the system arrangement when deformities become known. Continually check with sellers for redesigns and fixes that can be introduced to help fortify your safeguards. You can likewise decide to review frameworks and check logs to help in identifying and following a gatecrasher.
Friday, August 21, 2020
RA Selection Day 5 and a day off (kinda)
RA Selection Day 5 and a day off (kinda) Yesterdays tie was red, and my subcommittee was McGregor (also MIT 00) and a current student (from the Middle East). Aside from some fantastic applications, the highlight of the day (for me) was my making mango lassis for the staff, to go along with the Indian food we had from India Castle (one of 13 Indian restaurants within a mile of MIT, according to Yahoo Yellow Pages). Today, Marilee gave us a day off to rest and catch up on chores, etc. It was nice to have a day at home, though I used the day to continue reviewing international applications so that were all set to go for international selection, less than two weeks from now. Tonight, Im going to a screening of the Oscar-nominated short films at the Coolidge Corner Theater, a really terrific independent theater in Brookline, a part of Boston with great food as well as large populations of Russian and Jewish folks. Tomorrow will be Selection Day 6; I also hope to answer the questions that are piling up in my comments section =) Happy Presidents Day!
Sunday, May 24, 2020
The Poetry Pundits Racism - 1197 Words
The Poetry Pundits: Racism *Introductory Music * Hello all, welcome back to another episode of The Poetry Pundits. Iââ¬â¢m your host Max Millis, and in todayââ¬â¢s podcast I will be analysing two poems by acclaimed American poet, storyteller, activist, and autobiographer, Maya Angelou. Angelou spent most of her childhood in Arkansas, and as an African American, experienced firsthand racial prejudices and discrimination at an early age. Angelou sadly passed in 2014; however she will forever be remembered as a prolific and widely-read poet, whose poetry was lauded for its influential depictions of black beauty, the strength of women, and the human spirit. In todayââ¬â¢s podcast, the two poems I will be discussing remind us how deplorable andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Rumi described poetry as being dangerous, ââ¬Å"especially beautiful poetry, because it gives the illusion of having had the experience without actually going through it.â⬠I for one can certainly grasp this concept. Poetry I enjoy tends to be about a different world than mine. However, if I close my eyes I can see the story unfolding before me. Perhaps the characteristic most fundamental to the meaning of poetry is its unwillingness to be defined, labelled, or nailed down. This is what makes Maya Angelouââ¬â¢s poetry so effective. Her work challenged the status quo and improved the human condition of all people. She fought for equality and for humanity. In her body of work, we see the plights and triumphs of marginalized people. Angelou, like many other poets, used words to tell her story of struggle, and allowed the readers to experience her peopleââ¬â¢s pain. Alright, Iââ¬â¢ll stop teasing you now. Letââ¬â¢s take a look at our first of Angelouââ¬â¢s masterpieces ââ¬â ââ¬Å"Equalityâ⬠. *Recording of Poem* Throughout this poem, themes of equality, freedom, and racism are conveyed through repetition and poetic techniques. It is evident that this poem is directly correlated to race, the history of race, and racism in America. The second line, ââ¬Å"through a glass that will not shineâ⬠, is a metaphor illustrating that she isnââ¬â¢t being seen accurately and that they arenââ¬â¢t being given the chance to show their full potential. The line ââ¬Å"while my drums beat out the message and the rhythms never changeâ⬠evokes
Thursday, May 14, 2020
William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice - 1320 Words
In Englandââ¬â¢s history, the Elizabethan era was notorious for its anti-Semitism. Jews were segregated by being forced to wear a red hat when outside of the ghetto, and were treated as inferior to the rest of the city. William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play The Merchant of Venice exhibits the prejudicial attitudes of his era. Antonio, a Christian merchant, makes a deal with Shylock, a Jewish moneylender. Shylock uses it as an opportunity to exact revenge by demanding a pound of Antonioââ¬â¢s flesh if he does not meet his end of the bargain. By pitting the majority of his characters against Shylock, Shakespeare portrays Shylock in a way that discriminates against all Jews. The interactions that Shylock has with Antonio, Jessica, and Portia clearly enforce the idea of anti-Semitism. Shakespeare demonstrates prejudice towards Jews through Antonioââ¬â¢s relationship with Shylock; the bond made between the two Venetians and the trial scene prove the anti-Semitic nature of the play. In the first scene between the two characters, their hatred is introduced and explained. When Antonio and Shylock are discussing the bond, Antonio makes rude comments directly towards Shylock. After he calls him several names, including ââ¬Å"the devilâ⬠and ââ¬Å"an evil soulâ⬠(1.3.98*online version*), Antonio tells Shylock that he will continue to discriminate against him whether or not the deal is made: ââ¬Å"I am as like to call thee so again, to spet on thee again, to spurn thee tooâ⬠(1.3.98-99). Antonio is open about his dislikeShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1624 Words à |à 7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare s comedy The Merchant of Venice uses contrasting religions to draw out major themes through the ethnic divides that are exemplified. The play expresses the extreme cultural divide between the Jews and Christians through a legal contract between two men. The rivalry between the two men, Shylock and Antonio is clear from the beginning of the play and only intensifies as it continues on. Modern day readers most likely take away a slightly different message from the play than whatRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice2269 Words à |à 10 PagesSamantha Hansen ENG 314 Brother Brugger 12.15.14 The Question of Shylock It is hard to read The Merchant of Venice without finding at least one character to sympathize with. The unforgettable villain Shylock as well as Portia, Shakespeareââ¬â¢s first and one of his most famous heroines are arguably some of this plays most beloved characters. But, is Shylock really the villain? Or is he a victim of circumstance? Shylockââ¬â¢s insistence for a pound of flesh has made him one of literatures most memorableRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1970 Words à |à 8 Pagesthe titles are reflective of the protagonists featured within. For example, the famous titles of Julius Caesar and Hamlet tell the tragedies of those respective characters. However, when it comes to William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s fourteenth play, The Merchant of Venice, it can be argued that Antonio, the merchant, is not who the play is about. In fact, there is not just one character, but instead multiple that fit the description of the protagonist. The main plot, or rather p lots, of the play revolve aroundRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1315 Words à |à 6 PagesIn The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare the play is based upon the hierarchy between Christian men and Jewish men. A character by the name of Bassanio borrows money from his friend Antonio, and Antonio borrows the money from Shylock to give to Bassanio. Eventually, Antonio cannot pay the money back because his ships have supposedly sunk. Therefore, he comes close to death because he signed a bond with Shylock stating that Shylock would get a pound of his flesh if the bond was not repaidRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1532 Words à |à 7 Pagesuseless dialogue can make readers skip over what seems like a false beginning to a good story. But think about this: what if those seemingly lengthy, extra, useless words were actually important? For example, the opening 115 lines of William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s The Merchant of Venice are provide minimal support to the story at first glance. In these lines, Antonio and his friends are discussing the dynamics of happiness and sadness in order to find the root of Antonioââ¬â¢s sad mood. This portion of the play givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Merchant Of Venice988 Words à |à 4 PagesAs I finished reading Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare, I realized that the struggle of the play gyrates around whether justice is truly served and is morality advocated or manipulated by those in authority. The struggle between the principles of justice have caused many readers to question the interaction between the definition of morality and justice. The bond that causes readers to take a closer look throughout the play originates from Shylockââ¬â¢s desire for vengeance and Antonioââ¬â¢s desireRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1532 Words à |à 7 Pagesfundamentalist Americans. The ills of money-lending from the Eastern perspective have been fodder for Western literature for centuries, replete with illustrations that mirror the differences and similarities in East-West cultural norms. In William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s The Merchant of Venice, money-lending has gone awry. In Act I, Scene iii, the Italian Antonio seeks to borrow 3,000 ducats from the Jewish Shylock, and Shylock intends to charge him interest, which is against Jewish economic-religious principles (BateRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1275 Words à |à 6 PagesShakespeareââ¬â¢s The Merchant of Venice is so alike to our financially afflicted world. The rules of law and commerce are subject to deceptive manipulation, fear of the other overwhelms respect for a common humanity, duplicity is the norm, sexuality is a vehicle for ambition, and money drives and wraps almost every action. It is a classic tale that includes important details of the financial crisis in the Unit ed States during 2007-2009. Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Venice, like the New York of his time - and theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice2059 Words à |à 9 Pagesin The Merchant of Venice resembles a folktale known as ââ¬Å"A Pound of Fleshâ⬠(325). Artese supports his supposition with background context and parallels between the two story lines. Literary versions of the pound of flesh story circulated during the sixteenth century and were collected since the nineteenth century because of the plotââ¬â¢s longevity and populairity Shakespeare would have been familiar with pound of flesh stories (326). Human commodification is a central issue in both The Merchant of VeniceRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1616 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Merchant of Venice offers another unique perspective on crossdressing as it existed on the English Renaissance stage. Howard suggests that Portiaââ¬â¢s crossdressing is ââ¬Å"more disruptive than Violaââ¬â ¢sâ⬠(Howard, p. 433) because Portia herself was an unruly woman to begin with. Portia has become the master of her own destiny with the passing of her father, for she is referred to as the Lord of Belmont now that no man exists to fill such a role. What remains of the patriarchal authority, particularly
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle Shapes American...
Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle Shapes American Culture Darkness...lowers upon my mind, and the times are so hard they sicken my soul, says Washington Irving in a letter to a friend (Letters 446). This statement reveals Irvings intense emotional condition, and in many ways indicates the intense social atmosphere as well as his personal conflicts, during the composition of The Sketch Book. Upon the bankruptcy of his familys fortune, of which he depended on solely for his monetary security, Irving found himself flung into the galling mortifications of independence (Letters 487). In response to this trauma, he sailed to England to regain his composure and hopefully secure his stake as a writer so he could provide forâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦And this incapacitation resulted in great despondency until one night when speaking to Van Wart (the owner of the house where he stayed). Upon Van Warts attempts to cheer him, Irvings mind suddenly let loose and thoughts came with a rush, faster than he could write them (Williams 168). This is an excerpt describing the night he wrote The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle: ...for being fettered so long by the ice of long mental despondency. Until morning and through the small hours he wrote. At morning the June sun shone through the shutters, revealing him still bent over his table. The Van Warts at breakfast looked up to see him enter, radiant, the fresh manuscript in his hand. He said it had all come back to him; Sleepy Hollow had awakened him from his long dull, desponding slumber; and then he read the first chapters of Rip Van Winkle (Williams 169). The composition of these sketches was sporadic in nature and it seems as if the Muses opened up their floodgates on Irving that night. This aspect of the composition of these stories, as well The Sketch Book as a whole, adds somewhat of a romantic atmosphere on Irving as a writer. Because so many want to believe that authors somehow transcend normal human efforts, and their hands and minds are just vessels for the words, thoughts, andShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In Rip Van Winkle1165 Words à |à 5 PagesWashington Irving Rip Van Winkle, a short story written by Washington Irving, is set in the Dutch culture of pre-Revolutionary war in New York and is based on a German folktale. Rip is a farmer that goes into the Kaatskill mountains to get away from his wife but ends up drinking a strange liquor, falls asleep, wakes up 20 years later to find out that the world around him has changed dramatically including the death of his wife and his children growing up. In the story of Rip Van Winkle, Irving intertwinesRead MoreWashington Irving Essay665 Words à |à 3 PagesWashington Irving Diedrich Knickerbocker; Geoffrey Crayon; Henry A. Buchanan; Jonathan Oldstyle. All were famous writers of the nineteenth century. All had one important thing in common-they are all one man-Washington Irving. Using these pen names, among many, Irving developed a legacy of utilizing European culture to cultivate American aspects of literature. Fred Lewis Pattee asserted, American short story began in 1819 wit Washington Irving. (Gale Group 4) Irving is best known forRead More The Search for America in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow3267 Words à |à 14 Pagesfor America in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow à à à à à In the early to mid-1800s, Washington Irving was an immensely popular writer heralded as one of the great American writers.à Irvings importance lies especially in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the sketches in which he creates the vision of the alternate America(n).à His critique of American society through his main characters-Rip and Ichabod-and the towns in which they live gives shape to an AmericaRead MoreEarly American Literature Essay1511 Words à |à 7 Pageswith the triumph of American independence, many at the time saw this as a divine sign that America and her people were destined for greatness. Greatness came with a strong nation and thousands of poems and stories that still shape our nation. The recent revolution greatly expressed the heart of the American people. However, it would take another fifty years of development throughout American before it produced the first great generation of American writers such as, Washington I rving, Ralph WaldoRead MoreWashington Irving and Romanticism Essays1611 Words à |à 7 PagesThe short stories of Washington Irving are examples of the literary movement of Romanticism and its characteristics which are evidenced in this authorââ¬â¢s works. These characteristics are sometimes found in abundant quantities or limited amounts in each of his short stories. However, no matter what short story Washington Irving wrote, the Age of Romanticism and its defining characteristics are found in each of his selections. So, too, do each of the authorââ¬â¢s short stories present a unique study about
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Chemical Fertilizer vs. Organic Fertilizers free essay sample
Agriculture is the most primitive occupation of the people which mainly needs land to grow different crops for food and as raw materials for different industries. Industrial use of agriculture for supplying raw materials came much later. Originally land was used for agriculture to supply food for human beings by the use of organic manures particularly animal dung. At the beginning land was used in its natural form to grow food. Land contains natural humus that supplies nutrients for crop. But people began to think that natural fertility of land cannot supply sufficient food crops for human to survive. This belief became concrete when Thomas Robert Malthus wrote in 1798 that population grows at a faster rate than the growth of food by the famous quote, ââ¬Å"food grows at arithmetic progression and population grows at geometric progression. â⬠As we cannot survive without food; so we have to grow more food to feed the fast growing population. To grow more food we have to add plant nutrition and research on plant nutrition began perhaps in 19th century after the publication of Malthusian Theory. In the 19th century a German chemist Justus von Liebig started the modern science of plant nutrition denouncing the vitalist theory of humus. For the first time he argued the importance of ammonia and in later course tried to promote the idea of using inorganic minerals to plant nutrition. Thus the concept of using fertilizer began and different types of inorganic fertilizer are manufactured and in this manner Erling Johnson in 1927 developed an industrial method of producing nitrophosphate. During the 19th century in England fertilizer companies were established and commercial production of inorganic fertilizer began and the debate on uses of organic versus inorganic was also started. In India widespread use of inorganic fertilizer began in 1968 which ushered a Green Revolution by large production of wheat using High Yielding Varieties of Seeds (HYV Seeds) ââ¬ËThe HYV Seeds was first introduced in India by Dr. Norman Borlaug and the credit for introducing the Green Revolution goes to Dr. M. S. Swaminathan WHAT ARE FERTILIZERS? Fertilizers can be defined as a chemical or natural substance added to soil to increase its fertility. Fertilizers contain nutrients that promote plant growth. Created from numerous ingredients, derived from animals and commercial products, fertilizers are necessary for maximizing a plants health and size. Fertilizers can be composed of organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. Manure and compounds contain nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are spread on or worked into soil to increase capacity of crop yield. Fertilizers are available in various forms. The most classic form is solid fertilizer found in granulated or powdered forms. The next most common form is liquid fertilizer. It has some advantages like its effectiveness is immediate and its coverage is wide. There are also slow-release fertilizers most notably fertilizer spikes, tabs, etc. which reduce the problem of burning the plants due to excess nitrogen. Recently, organic fertilizer is on high rise as people are resorting to environmental friendly (or green) products. Though organic fertilizers usually contain a lower concentration of nutrients, this lower concentration avoids complication of nitrogen burn harming the plants. Moreover ,organic fertilizers such as compost and worm castings break down slowly into complex organic structures (humus) which constructs the soils structure and moisture- and nutrient-retaining capabilities. CLASSIFICATION OF FERTILIZERS: Fertilizers can be broadly classified into two types: (1)Organic Fertilizers or Chemical Fertilizers (2)Inorganic Fertilizers Chemical Fertilizers: A chemical fertilizer may be as defined as any inorganic material of wholly or partially synthetic origin that is added to the soil to sustain plant growth. Since chemical fertilizers are synthetically derived from inorganic materials , they may have some harmful acids, which stunt the growth of microorganisms found in the soil helpful for plant growth naturally. Theyââ¬â¢re mostly rich in the three essential nutrients needed for plant growth viz. nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium popularly known as ââ¬Å"NPKâ⬠. Some examples of chemical fertilizers are ammonium sulphate , ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride ,etc. ADVANTAGES OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS: Some of the major advantages of using chemical fertilizers are as following: (1)Commercial chemical fertilizers have the advantage of predictability and reliability. (2)Formulations of this type of fertilizers are blended with accuracy and we can buy different blends for different types of plants as per our requirement. (3)Commercial chemical fertilizers contains a balanced distribution of the three main essential nutrients needed for plant growth: nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. The amount of percentage of the three main ingredients is listed in an order on the fertilizer labels as the N-P-K ratio. 4) In addition to these three basic nutrients some fertilizer formulations may also contain iron, sulfur and cooper. Commercial formulated fertilizers allow us to know exactly which nutrients weââ¬â¢re giving our plants. DISADVANTAGES OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS: Some of the major disadvantages of using chemical fertilizers are as following: (1)Cont inuous use of chemical fertilizers led to degradation of soil health as farmers are now forced to use more and more chemical fertilizers to achieve the same production level thus making the cost of cultivation high. (2)Commercial chemical fertilizers are more expensive than natural fertilizers. 3)Some fertilizers may contain ingredients that may have high acid content or toxic substances which may burn our skin or affect adversely to our respiratory system. (4)We also need to mix and measure them accurately. If we use access of the fertilizers than it can kill our plants. (5)Chemical fertilizers escape from soil and pollute groundwater, lakes, rivers, kill bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil making it infertile. ORGANIC FERTILIZERS: Organic fertilizers are fertilizer compounds that contain one or more than one kinds of organic matter. The ingredients may include animal or vegetable matter or a combination of the two. Some naturally occurring organic materials are chicken litter, manure, worm castings, compost, seaweed, guano, bone meal or naturally occurring mineral deposits for e. g. saltpeter can be used to form organic fertilizers. Poultry litter and cattle dung often create environmental and disposal problems, making their use as a constituent of fertilizer. Bones of dead animals can be processed into phosphate-rich bone meal; however, most are simply buried in landfills. Recent studies show that urine can also be improved by converting it to struvite , which already has been experimented by a Dutch firm using human urine. The conversion is performed by adding magnesium to the urine. The economical advantage of using urine as fertilizer is that it contains a large amount of phosphorus which is an important ingredient for plant growth. Leguminous cover crops are also grown to enrich soil as a green manure through nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere; as well as phosphorus (through nutrient mobilization) content of soils. ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS: Some of the major advantages of using organic fertilizers are as following: (1) Organic fertilizers are known to improve biodiversity , soil life and long-term productivity of soil, and may prove a large depository for excess carbon dioxide. (2) Organic nutrients increase the abundance of soil organisms by providing organic matter and micronutrients for organisms such as fungal mycorrhiza , bacteria (which aid plants in absorbing nutrients), and can drastically reduce external inputs of pesticides and chemical fertilizer, at the cost of decreased yield. 3) In nature, decomposition of organic matter creates a natural fertilizer. Applying organic compost or well-aged herbivore manure adds nutrient-rich organic material to the soil, improving quality and texture of the soil. (4) Adding organic material to the soil improves and increases its ability to hold water; reduces erosion from water and wind; increases soil organic matter; improves soil structure and tilth ;decreases compaction and crusting of the soil; and raises soil phosphate. (5) Natural fertilizers are less likely to burn tender, young plants as they are less concentrated in acid and toxic substances than chemical fertilizers. 6)Natural fertilizers are cheap, easily available and easy to handle. DISADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS: Some of the major disadvantages of organic fertilizers are as following: (1) The nutrients in organic fertilizers are not equal and unevenly distributed. Moreover organic fertilizers may contain pathogens and other disease causing organisms if not properly composted. (2) Nutrient contents are variable and their release to available forms that the plant can use may not occur at the right plant growth stage. (3) Natural fertilizers are slow in breaking down the nutrients it contains to the growing plants/crops requires. 4) Many natural fertilizers, such as manure, seaweed or fish oil are quite smelly as they release foul odour and are too offensive to use on indoor plants. (5)Gathering natural materials, such as animaldung, grass clippings and leaves, to add to the compost pile is labor-intensive and time-consuming. (6) Organic materials break down at different rates, so the composition and content of organic fertilizer is never consistent. Therefore from the above given Advantages and Disadvantages of chemical as well as organic fertilizers we can draw the following comparisions between the two: ? NPK Ratio: In chemical fertilizer it is 20 to 60% but in organic fertilizer it is about 14%. ?Rate of production: Immediate supply in case of chemical fertilizer and in case of organic fertilizer its release is slow. ?Source: Chemical fertilizers are manufactured from synthetic material but it is reverse in case of organic fertilizers as they are made from materials derived from living things. ?Preparation: Chemical fertilizers are artificially prepared but organic fertilizers are prepared naturally and that is why one can prepare organic fertilizers, themselves or can also buy. Cost: Chemical fertilizers are costly but organic fertilizers are cheap and easily affordable. ?Nutrients: Chemical fertilizers have equal distribution of three essential nutrients: phosphorous, nitrogen, potassium but The nutrients in organic fertilizers are not equal and unevenly distributed. ?Effect on environment: Both has some effect on environment but the larger effect is being created by chemical ferti lizers. CONCLUSION: Population on this earth is increasing day by day but the crop yield is not sufficient. So in order to keep the pace organic fertilizers were insufficient, thus modern techniques of farming were introduced which includes chemical fertilizers. But when people came to know the drawbacks of these chemical fertilizers ,people started making a transition to organic farming. Thus we come to a conclusion that neither of chemical fertilizer nor organic fertilizers are fully/wholly perfect. It is a controversial matter in the society that people are opposing the use of chemical fertilizer and supporting to use organic fertilizers. They say that it is more eco friendly and safer to people sustaining on earth. It may be a misconception to believe that just because a fertilizer is organic, it is automatically safer. Whatever may be the contradiction and controversy of the use of chemical fertilizer over organic fertilizers or vice-versa ,it is the duty of the people of a society , agricultural sectors as well as Governments to implement and invent new fertilizers which coexist the characteristics of both chemical and organic fertilizers and make our surroundings clean and mother earth pollution free.
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